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Allergic Conjunctivitis

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the clear membrane covering the white of the eye and inner eyelids. It is triggered when the immune system overreacts to allergens like pollen, dust, or pet dander. While it can cause significant discomfort and itching, it is not contagious and usually does not affect permanent vision.

Types of Allergic Conjunctivitis

Acute

Acute (Seasonal)

Typically occurs in spring or summer. Symptoms are sudden and intense, often including redness, swelling, and severe itching, frequently accompanied by a watery nose.

Chronic

Chronic (Perennial)

Occurs year-round but with milder reactions. Common triggers include indoor allergens like dust mites, mold, or animal dander. Symptoms often come and go throughout the year.

Common Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms almost always affect both eyes simultaneously:

Symptoms
  • - Intense Itching: The most hallmark symptom.
  • - Redness: A pink or bloodshot appearance.
  • - Watery Eyes: Excessive tearing without sticky discharge.
  • - Swollen Eyelids: Often accompanied by a burning sensation.
  • - Lumpy Conjunctiva: In severe cases, small bumps may form under the upper eyelid.

Quick Tip: Avoid rubbing your eyes. Rubbing causes the release of more histamines, which actually intensifies the itching and can cause surface damage.

Management and Treatment

1. Home Care & Prevention

  • - Allergen Avoidance: Keep windows closed during high pollen counts and use air purifiers.
  • - Cool Compresses: Apply a cold, damp cloth to closed eyes to soothe inflammation and reduce swelling.
  • - Lid Hygiene: Clean lashes regularly to remove trapped pollen or dust particles.

2. Medical Treatment

If home care is insufficient, your practitioner may recommend:

  • - Antihistamine Eye Drops: To block the allergic response and provide fast itch relief.
  • - Mast Cell Stabilizers: To prevent the release of histamines (best for long-term seasonal use).
  • - Vasoconstrictors: To reduce redness, though these should only be used for short periods.
  • - Topical Steroids: Only for severe inflammation and must be used under strict medical supervision.

Causes and Global Impact

Allergic conjunctivitis affects approximately 20% of the population worldwide. It is often linked to other allergic conditions such as hay fever, asthma, or eczema. Triggers include environmental allergens (pollen, mold), chemical irritants (perfumes, detergents), and even certain contact lens solutions.

Clinical References

1. Healthline. Allergic Conjunctivitis Overview. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/health/allergic-conjunctivitis
2. Medical News Today. Causes and Symptoms of Eye Allergies.
3. Wikipedia. Allergic Conjunctivitis. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergic_conjunctivitis
4. Patient.info. Allergic Conjunctivitis Management.