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Info centre > External & lid pathology
Pinguecula

Pinguecula: Understanding the "Yellow Spot"

A pinguecula is a small, raised, yellowish growth that forms on the white part of the eye (the sclera). It typically develops near the cornea and is primarily caused by long-term ultraviolet (UV) exposure. While non-cancerous and usually slow-growing, it can become inflamed, causing significant discomfort.

Pinguecula vs. Pterygium

Diagnosis

Pingueculae are often confused with pterygia, but there are key differences:

  • - Pinguecula: Does not invade the cornea. It is usually slightly raised and yellowish.
  • - Pterygium: May grow onto the cornea and eventually affect vision.

Despite these differences, both conditions are largely driven by sun and wind exposure.

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms

Many pingueculae cause no symptoms, but when inflamed (pingueculitis), you may experience:

  • - Dryness, burning, or stinging sensations.
  • - A gritty "foreign body" feeling.
  • - Redness and itching around the lesion.
  • - Mild blurred vision due to tear film disruption.

Prevention is key: UV rays penetrate clouds. Wear 100% UV-protective sunglasses even on overcast days to prevent further growth.

Causes and Risk Factors

Pingueculae develop due to changes in the conjunctival tissue, often containing protein, fat, or calcium. Key drivers include:

Risks
  • - UV Radiation: The primary cause.
  • - Environmental Exposure: Wind, dust, and dry climates.
  • - Age: Most common in adults aged 20–50, though it can occur in children in sunny regions.

Treatment and Management

Conservative Management

For mild irritation, over-the-counter options are often sufficient:

  • - Artificial Tears: To soothe dryness and grittiness.
  • - Wraparound Sunglasses: To shield the eyes from wind and dust.

Medical & Surgical Options

If inflammation becomes persistent or severe:

  • - Anti-inflammatory Drops: Short-term medicated drops prescribed by your practitioner.
  • - Surgery: Rarely needed. Only considered if inflammation is chronic, contact lens wear is impossible, or for significant cosmetic concerns.

When to Seek Review

Although pingueculae are non-cancerous, any change in size, shape, color, or symptoms should be assessed by an eye care professional to ensure your eyes remain healthy.

Clinical References

1. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Pinguecula and Pterygium. Available at: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/pinguecula-pterygium
2. Eye Institute. Pterygium and Pinguecula. Available at: https://www.eyeinstitute.co.nz/the-eye/eye-diseases-and-conditions/pterygium-pinguecula.htm
3. Wikipedia. Pinguecula. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguecula
4. Review of Optometry. Cornea & Contact Lenses Management.